Umayyad dynasty facts. Umayyad Ruler Yazid Family Tree | The most Brutal Ruler in Islamic History | Killer of Imam Hussain In this video, we explore the family tree of Yazid ibn Mu'awiya, the second caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty, and one of the most controversial figures in Islamic history. It was founded by Muʿāwiyah I, who triumphed over the Prophet Muhammad’s son-in-law, ʿAlī, to become the fifth caliph. But the truth may be somewhat grayer. These converts, often referred to as mawali, were subjected to social and economic discrimination, which created resentment. After the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad (l. com ; History of Arabia - Umayyad, Abbasid, Dynasties: Once Muʿāwiyah and the Umayyads had seized overlordship of the far-flung Islamic empire, which they ruled from Damascus, the Holy Cities remained only the spiritual capitals of Islam. In the same year, following the death of Ali, he gained control of Egypt a After the death of Ali, Muawiyya persuaded Hassan ibn Ali to abdicate his position in favour of him. Their dynasty succeeded the leadership of the first four caliphs—Abū Bakr, ʿUmar I, ʿUthmān, and ʿAlī. The Umayyad Dynasty, spanning from 661 to 750 AD, marked a significant period in Islamic history, establishing the first great Muslim dynasty. Understand how these dynasties shaped Islamic civilization and influenced future generations. A few decades after the death of the Prophet Mohammed, the Islamic World produced its first great empire: the Umayyad Caliphate. He established the Umayyad dynasty in al-Andalus, which continued for nearly three centuries (including the succeeding Caliphate of Córdoba). Discover their origins, cultural achievements, economic growth, and the factors leading to their rise and fall. 632-634 CE, a senior companion of the Prophet) took the title of the Caliph, hence forming the basis of the Islamic Caliphates (intermittently: 632-1924 CE). In fact, it is the fifth largest empire in all of history! This empire was ruled by the Umayyad Dynasty. History of the Umayyad Dynasty The Umayyad Dynasty in 750 CE Umayyad Dynasty: Abd al-Malik, during his lifetime, consolidated Umayyad rule over the Islamic Empire. Originating from the Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca, the dynasty was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, who became the first Umayyad caliph after a power struggle with Ali ibn Abi Talib, the List of some of the major leaders of the Umayyad dynasty, including the first Umayyad caliph, Muʿāwiyah I, and later caliph ʿAbd al-Malik, under whom the Umayyads experienced perhaps their greatest period as they expanded into India and Central Asia. These remarkable architectural and artistic achievements are associated with the Umayyads, “first” dynasty of the Islamic world. This family, also known as Banu Umayyah, came from Mecca in what is now Saudi Arabia. the founder of the Umayyad dynasty in 661 C. R Hawting Amazon. The army, mainly Arab and largely Syrian, extended the frontiers of Islam. The dynasty was overthrown by the Abbasids in 750. In the pre-Islamic period, the Umayyads were a prominent clan of the Mecca n tribe of Quraysh The Umayyad Caliphate came to an end in 750 when the Abbasid dynasty, led by Abu al-Abbas, overthrew the Umayyads. . Kids and students learn about the Umayyad Caliphate of the Islamic Empire including when it ruled, government, contributions, land conquered, how it fell, and interesting facts. This was the cond Arab Civil War, or Second Fitna. 570-632 CE), Abu Bakr (r. There were many key figures and events that set this dynasty apart The Umayyad Dynasty The Umayyads do not fare well in Islamic history which tells a tale of an unremitting line degenerate and weak caliphs; western historians have for the most part accepted this history. Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, governor of Syria, began his rule focused on expansion and consolidation [i]. Genesis The Umayyad Caliphate (Arabic: الخلافة الأموية) also known as the Umayyad Empire, was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It marked a period of significant expansion, cultural development, and administrative innovation within the Islamic world. The Umayyad Caliphate destroyed the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century. In 750 CE, the Abbasid dynasty massacred the Umayyad royal family at a fake reconciliation banquet. Hazrat Ameer Muavia (also known as Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan) was a companion of the Prophet Muhammad and the founder of the Umayyad dynasty. The Umayyad dynasty was founded in 661 CE at the end of the first Muslim Civil War and set the stage for the Arab Golden Age. Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan was the first Umayyad caliph, ruling from 661 to 680. The Umayyads relocated the capital from Medina to Damascus, which became the center of their expansive empire. However, after the reign of the Umayyads and Abbasids, Iran and its society in particular experienced reigning dynasties who legitimized Persian languages and customs, while still encouraging Islam. At the time of his death in 705 CE, he had left behind a monarchy, powerful enough to challenge any force on the planet and on the brink of expanding into Europe. One prince, Abd al-Rahman, escaped and fled three thousan The Umayyad Caliphate (661–750 CE) marked a transformative era in Islamic history, emerging as the first hereditary dynasty to rule the Muslim world after the period of the Rashidun Caliphs. The Umayyads established a capital at Damascus, Syria, extended the Arab empire, and became known for outstanding architecture. The Umayyad Empire is the largest Empire the world has ever seen. , there was a series of four rulers, known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs: Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, and, lastly, Muhammad’s son-in-law, ‘Ali. The Umayyad dynasty and the later ?Abb?sid dynasty shared a systemized and organized governmental structure supporting the caliph. E. One of these governors, Mu'awiya I of Syria, opposed Caliph Ali in the First Muslim Civil War (656–661) and afterward founded the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital in Damascus. The Umayyad period is often considered the formative period in Islamic art. The Arab history of Al-Andalus under the Umayyad dynasty, the fall of Granada and the prosperity of Cordoba during the reign of Muluk Al-Tawaif The Umayyad Caliphate is the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. In 750, the Umayyad dynasty in Syria fell to the Abbasids. Definition The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE), the first dynasty to take the title of Caliphate, was established in 661 CE by Muawiya (l. The religious ties which had unified Muslims under the first four Orthodox caliphs ("al-R?shid?n") were weakened under ?Uthm?n. The Umayyads continued the early Muslim conquests, conquering the Maghreb, Transoxiana, Sind and Hispania. com ; “History of the Umayyad Caliphs” by Abu'l-Fadl 'Abd Ar-Rahman Jalal Ad-Din As-Suyuti Amazon. Under the banner of a new religion, Islam, Arab tribes took advantage of the Byzantines weakening grip over Syria and moved northwards from the Arabian Peninsula to take Damascus in 634. c. This marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty in the history of Islam, and the only one to rule over the entire Islamic world of its Explore the timeline of Umayyad Dynasty. Through this article, you will learn how the Umayyad Dynasty rose to power and their impact on the Islamic world. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty, hailing from Mecca. The Umayyads were the first Muslim dynasty, established in 661 in Damascus. h land and sea at After he has ascent to power, Muawiya moved the capital of Caliphate from Madinah to Damascus. The Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 CE) was the first hereditary dynasty in Islamic history. Under Caliph Muawiyah I After his decisive victory at the Battle of the Zab and eliminating those of the Umayyad family who failed to escape to Al-Andalus, As-Saffah had sent his forces to consolidate his Abbasid caliphate, including Central Asia, where his forces confront many regional powers, including those of China's Tang Dynasty. Seizing this moment, Muawiya established a new caliphate. Here are some interesting facts about the Caliphates. This marked the end of a period of civil strife within the Muslim community. The Umayyad dynasty, which ruled from 661 to 750 CE, faced significant internal challenges, particularly from non-Arab Muslims who had converted to Islam. It carried the war against Byzantium into Asia Minor and besieged Constantinople; eastward it penetrated into Khorasan, Turkistan, and northwestern India; and, spreading along the northern coast of Africa, it Who are the Umayyads? Let us begin by describing who the Umayyads were. The Great Mosque in Damascus. 'Sons of Umayya'), or the Umayyads (Arabic: الأمويون, romanized: al-Umawiyyūn) was an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe who were the ruling family of the Umayyad Caliphate in 661–750 and the Emirate and later Caliphate of Córdoba in 756–1031. A new Umayyad, Marwan, from a separate branch of the family, took the throne and opposed Ibn al-Z ayr, claiming power for the Umayyads. The Umayyad caliphs appointed governors over the three crucial areas of the Hejaz, Yemen, and Oman, but in Iraq occasional powerful governors managed to control By 759 CE, the Abbasid Dynasty has firmly consolidated its control, marking a decisive new chapter in Islamic history, even as echoes of Umayyad rule linger within the structure and ethos of the new regime. Prior to the advent of Islam, the Umayyads were a largely merchant family of the Quraysh tribe centered at Mecca. Ministers and ranking officials at the head of various diwans (bureaus) served and advised the caliph. Yazid continued Mu'awiya's decentralized model of governance, relying on his provincial governors and the tribal nobility. 602-680 CE), who had served as the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, after the death of the fourth caliph, Ali in 661 CE. The Umayyad Dynasty was the first great Muslim dynasty who were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 CE and later of al-Andalus between 756 and 1031 CE (Umayyad Dynasty Timeline). When the Abbasid dynasty revolted against the Umayyads and killed many of The Rise and Fall of the Umayyad Dynasty The Umayyad Dynasty began in 661 CE, marking a significant shift in Islamic history. The majority of this new empire was of course non-Muslim, and aside from a protection tax (jizya) the conquered Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was founded by Mu'awiya I, a companion of Muhammad. Located in the heart of the city of Damascus, the great Umayyad mosque was founded by Caliph al-Walid I (ruled 705-715) upon his accession to the throne. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: بنو أمية, Banu Umayyah), an Arab dynasty who came from Mecca, in present-day The Umayyad Caliphate: An Overview The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates, established after the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 AD. With key historical facts and Umayyad dynasty explained The Umayyad dynasty (ar|بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ|Banū Umayya|Sons of Umayya) or Umayyads (ar|الأمويون|al-Umawiyyūn) were the ruling family of the Syria -based Umayyad Caliphate in 661–750 and the Emirate and later Caliphate of Córdoba in 756–1031. Explore the rich history of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties, key players in the Islamic world's evolution. This caliphate was centered on the Umayyad dynasty hailing from Mecca. , there was a series of four rulers, known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs: Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman, and, lastly, Muhammad’s Generally, the early Umayyad dynasty is regarded as a less than ideal period of Islamic history, when the struggle between faith and temporal power saw the former dominate at the expense of the latter. What was the Umayyad Caliphate? Learn more about it in this glossary definition of the term Umayyad Caliphate. Feb 14, 2026 · Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate (661–750). Abd al-Rahman is only one of several surviving Umayyad family members to make their way to Ifriqiya at this time. The caliphs furthermore began the ambitious project of building mosques across the empire, many of which remain today, such as the Umayyad Mosque, in Damascus. Timeline of important events related to the Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty to rule the empire of the caliphate, sometimes referred to as the Arab kingdom. From the 690s onward, the language of Islamic administration everywhere in the empire was Arabic. The conquest resulted in the end of Christian rule in most of Iberia and the establishment of Muslim Arab - Moorish rule in that territory, which came to be known as al-Andalus, under the Umayyad dynasty. Mu??wiya, the first Umayyad caliph (661–680), transformed the community of the faithful into a secular “The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661-750" by G. As a result, a civil war broke out between Marwan Damascus and Ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca. The one surviving member, 'Abd al-Rahman I (reigned 756–88), escaped to Spain and established autonomous rule there. Key Takeaways Key Points The Umayyad Caliphate, which emerged after the Rashidun Caliphate collapsed, was characterized by hereditary elections and territory expansion. At first, even though Arabic became the official language and Islam the principal religion of the diverse lands unified under Umayyad rule, artists continued to work in their established manner. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered an area of 11,100,000 km 2 (4,300,000 sq mi), [1] making it one of the largest empires in history in terms of geographical size. The caliphate is centered on the Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: Banū ʾUmayya, "Sons of Umayya"), hailing from Mecca. Muawiya I, who had been the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, saw an opportunity when the fourth caliph, Ali, passed away. The Samanid dynasty who defeated the Saffarids, and called themselves descendants of Sassanid Eran spahbod Bahram Chobin. end of the Umayyad Dynasty, however. The expanse of the Umayyad empire and its program of Arabization were responsible for spreading Islam and the Arabic language over a vast area. This event is known as the Abbasid Revolution. According to tradition, the Umayyad family (also known as the Banu Abd-Shams) and Muhammad [saw] both descended from a common ancestor, Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and they originally came from the city of Mecca. The Umayyads ruled effectively and firmly established the political authority of These remarkable architectural and artistic achievements are associated with the Umayyads, “first” dynasty of the Islamic world. The capital city of the Umayyad Caliphate changed over time. Discover the Umayyad dynasty's rise, achievements, and legacy in shaping Islamic history and culture, from Damascus to Cordoba Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. The new rulers of Damascus worked with Syria’s majority Christian population to establish a new empire. It was Damascus from 661 to 744, then Harran from 744 to 750. Image: midwastweb. Abu Bakr was the first of the four initial caliphs referred collectively by the mainstream Sunni Muslims as the Ra The Umayads were the first Muslim dynasty — that is, they were the first rulers of the Islamic Empire to pass down power within their family. Moreover, the Umayyads came to power at the expense of ʿAlī, the son-in-law of Muḥammad and the fourth pre-Umayyad caliph, whose family was considered by some to be the rightful dynasty. org 1. <p>The Umayyad Dynasty was a significant ruling family in early Islamic history, seizing control of the caliphate in 661 CE following the assassination of Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. Umayyad dynasty, (661–750) First great Muslim dynasty. It was led by the Umayyad dynasty and was the first Islamic empire to rule from a capital city, Damascus. UMAYYADS UMAYYADS , dynasty (660–750) under which the Arabs established their empire, extending from Central Asia and the Indian border to the Atlantic Ocean. In the pre-Islamic period, they were a prominent clan The caliphs of the Arab dynasty established the empire's first school, which taught the Arabic language and Islamic studies. Marwan did not rvive Are you curious about the history of the Umayyad Dynasty and its impact on the world today? Established in the 7th century in Damascus, the Umayyad Dynasty was the first Islamic caliphate that grew to be a powerful political and military empire. The Umayyad dynasty (Arabic: بَنُو أُمَيَّةَ, romanized: Banū Umayya, lit. 10 Interesting Facts About Ummayad Caliphate The Umayyad Caliphate, also spelled Omayyad, was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. Under the Umayyads, the Islamic Empire spread to North Africa, Spain and central Asia. Muhammad [saw] descended from Abd Manāf via The Dome of the Rock. In Islamic history, the Umayyad family established a system of hereditary succession for the leader of the Muslim world. 'Sons of Umayya') or Umayyads (Arabic: الأمويون, romanized: al-Umawiyyūn) was an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe who were the ruling family of the Caliphate between 661 and 750 and later of al-Andalus (Islamic Spain) between 756 and 1031. The Umayyad Caliphate became one of the largest unitary states in history and one of the few states to ever extend direct rule over three continents. Mu'awiya assumed this position for the first 20 years of the Dynasty's rule. Keywords: Abbasid dynasty history, Tang dynasty culture, Umayyad empire overview, historical influence of Abbasid, Tang and Umayyad relations, rise and fall of Abbasid empire, significance of Tang dynasty, Umayyad contributions to society, Islamic golden age, East-West cultural exchanges At first, he seeks an understanding with the Abbasids, but when they refuse his terms and demand his submission, Ibn Habib breaks openly with the Abbasids and invites the remnants of the Umayyad dynasty to take refuge in his dominions. Abd al-Rahman was a member of the Umayyad dynasty in Damascus, and his establishment of a government in Iberia represented a break with the Abbasids, who had overthrown the Umayyads in Damascus in 750. The Caliphate fell into a nearly decade-long civil war, ending with the establishment of the Marwanid dynasty (the Umayyad caliph Marwan I and his descendants). After the death of the Prophet Muhammad in 632 C. Polities such as those ruled by the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates (in the Middle East and later in Spain and Southern Italy), the Fatimids, Seljuks, Ayyubids, and Mamluks were among the most influential powers in the world. He was the first Caliph to establish the Caliphate in Damascus, and his reign marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, which ruled over the Islamic empire for nearly 100 years. At its peak, the Umayyad Empire Syria - Umayyad Dynasty, Damascus, Middle East: The early Umayyad period was one of strength and expansion. The Great Mosque in Córdoba. n1qc, ahxvng, yvxl, zkbcst, 9sjd, 8iah2, ijvbxu, al6vh, wi4co, rhf6mm,